quartz crystal structure

The chemical bond between oxygen (red) and silicon (blue) in quartz is one of the strongest known. That is why rocks are so hard!

 

Molecules and chemical bonding

Intro

Ionic Bonds

Covalent Bonds

Octet rule: Part I Part II Part III

The hydrogen molecule

Lewis diagrams

Oxidation numbers

Molecular orbitals

Electron density

 

The Chemical Bond

 

concept map chemical bonding

The chemical bond attracts atoms together to form molecules of new substances or ionic solids. It is interesting to know how to build new substances from the existing ones, or directly from the atoms, so that we can make substances that are useful.

Al chemistry is based on the idea of the chemical bond. The electrons play the prominent role in that, so it is not surprising that we hear of them all the time. Energies, orbitals, shells, subshells, quantum numbers… All these concepts are studied in chemistry, and more…


An understanding of how molecules form is also crucial for many industries and business. The pharmaceutical industry, the food industry, biology, medicine, engineering, petrochemicals and many others… .All this industries need to produce new substances with the chosen properties.

So, how is that atoms stick together to form new substances?

There are 2 types of chemical bonds:

1) Covalent bonds

2) Ionic bonds


Making a chemical bond to form a molecule is a process that transfers energy and the branch of chemistry that deals with the energetics of chemical reactions is called chemical thermodynamics, to differ from "ordinary" thermodynamics which belongs to physics. It is part of physical chemistry. Learn more